Task 1: Chorleywood is a village near London whose population has increased steadily since the middle of the nineteenth century. The map below show t he development of the village.

The map shows the growth of a village called Chorleywood between 1868 and 1994.

It is clear that the village grew as the transportation was improved. Four periods of development are shown on the map, and each of the populated areas is near the main roads, the railway or the motorway.

Between years 1868 and 1883; Chorleywood covered a small area next to one of the main roads. Chorleywood Park and Golf Course is now located next to this original village area. The village grew along the main road to the south between 1883 and 1922, and in 1909 a railway line was built crossing this area from west to east. Chorleywood station is in this part of the village.

The expansion of Chorleywood continued to the east and west alongside the railway line until 1970. At that time, a motorway was built to the east of the village, and from 1970 to 1994, further development of the village took place around motorway intersection with railway and one of the main roads.

(study how to express the map...:))

Task 1: The charts below show the main reasons for study among students of different age groups and the amount of support they received from employers.

The information in bar charts compare students of different ages in term of further study and whether they are sponsored by their employer. It is clear that the students who study for career purpose is much higher among the younger age groups while the oldest are more likely study for their interest. Employer support is more commonly given to younger students.

Around 80% of students aged under 26 study to further their careers, whereas only 10% study purely out of interest. The gap between these two proportions narrows as students get older, and the figures for those in their forties are the similar, at about 40%. Students aged over 49 overwhelming study for interest (70%) rather than for professional reasons (less than 20%).

Just over 60% of students aged under 26 are supported by their employers. By contrast, the 30-39 age group is the most self sufficient, with only 30% being given the time off and help with fees. The figures rise slightly for students in their forties and for those aged 50 and more.

(not fully mine. just paraphrase and write back only.)

Task 1: Producing cement and concrete

The information in diagram shows the process of producing cement and how this cement will be used to develop the building.
Initially, the limestone and clay are crushes to create a powder. These materials are put into a mixer. After that, the product passed the rotating heater. While in this stage, this powder is being rotating at a certain temperature. Afterwards the output from rotating heater is grinder into small pieces called cement. Finally this cement will be package into a bag.
In order to produce a concrete, there a several process need to be done. The first step is to combine a 15% of cement with 25% of sand and 50% of gravel and another 10% is water. These combinations will create a concrete. This process is then continuing with putting a concrete into a mixer. And finally the mixer rotated to mix the ingredient to produce a solid concrete.
To summarize this process, both process will go through a mixer with a several materials but the only different is that to produce a cement, we need to mix it at a certain temperature however in producing the concrete, there is no heat applied and furthermore it used water element.

Task 1: energy consumption and production

The information in the graph describes differences between energy consumption and production since 1950. It is also estimates the trends up to 2025.

Between 1950 and 1970, both production and consumption increased from just over 30 units to about 65 units, and although consumption was consistently higher, the different was marginal during this period. However, production grew only gradually over the next 30 years to reach 70 units in 2000. In contrast, growth in consumption was steeper and moves fluctuating reach 95 units in 2000. Energy import needed to bridge this gap. Therefore increased from very little in 1970 to a substantial 25 unit in 2000. Projections up to 2025 indicate that this trend is likely to continue, with the gap between production and consumption is widening. By 2025, it is expected that consumption will reaches up to 140 units, while production will reach only 90 units. So more 30% of energy consumed (50 units) will have to be imported.

Overall, the graph indicates that energy production in the US is not keeping up with consumption, so import will continue to increase.

Task 1: eating habit

The information in Pie chart and graph describes about eating habit and budget for eating of an average family from 1970 to 2000.
From 1970 to 2000, the food budget for eating at restaurants had increased rapidly and stably. In 1970, only 10% of food budget was spent for eating outside but this trend rose up to 15% in ten years later. Twenty years later, in 1990 the budget for restaurant meals became nearly 4 times larger with 35%. Eventually, there was the equality of the money spent on home cooking and restaurant meal in 2000.
The type of food that families ate during this period also changed. In 1970, both fast food and sit down restaurant meals were eaten equally with 20 meals per year on average. From that point, on overall view, although both kinds of meals were increasing through out years, but fast food had it faster growing. In 1990, about 55 fast food meals were chosen to eat by customers annually when there was only 45 sit down restaurant meals per year. Ten years later, most of meals were eaten in fast food restaurant about 90 meals per year and nearly double the number of meals eaten in sits down restaurants.

Task 1: Railway system and usage with respect to its region

The information in table describe about underground railway system in London, Paris, Tokyo, Washington DC, Kyoto and Los Angeles.

London has the oldest railway system since its established in 1863, nearly 150 years old, afterward they were the opening ceremony in Paris, Tokyo, Washington DC, Kyoto and the latest one was in Los Angeles which was built in 2001. According to the table, London railway system had the longest route consist of 394 KM long. Meanwhile, the length Kyoto was the shortest with only 11 KM. Even though in London, there was the longest route of railway system, the number of passenger was no the highest (only 775 Million per year) which came to Tokyo with 1927 million passenger per year, and the second place was Paris with 1191 million people used the facilities per year. In contrast, only 45 million passengers of Kyoto people took this kind of transportation per year and in Los Angeles only 5 million people were used it.

Writing Task 1: Table of membership feedback.
(not sure where i copied it...:)

The information in table describes about feedback from membership based on service provided by city sports club.

We can see that from the response that the male members are generally happy or satisfied with the ranged of activities at the club, with only 5% dissatisfied.  In contrast, however, only about two thirds of female members were positive about the activity range and almost a third were dissatisfied.

The genders were more agreement about the club facilities. Only 14% of women and 10% of men were unhappy with this, and majority (64% and 64%) respectively was very positive.

Finally, the female respondents were much happier with the club opening hours than their male counterparts. Almost three quarters of them were very satisfied with these and only 3% were unhappy, where as nearly 40% of men expressed their dissatisfaction.

Overall, the table indicates that female members are most unhappy with the range of activities, while male members feel that opening hours are the most satisfactory aspect of the club.

Preparation for IELTS...

hmm its being for a while that im not updating this blog. due to previous research is completed. therefore i move to another field of research. but before i'm moving to this new area, I do need to complete an IELTS exam. its a must for me to achieve a certain level to pursue my study in PhD. seems quite easy for some people who have strong command in English, but for me. hmm i don't know. hopefully by having some exercise will make me become more understandable of this English language..